From Wikipedia:
The
apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species
Malus domestica
in the rose family (Rosaceae). It is one of the most widely cultivated
tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus
[[Malus]] that are used by humans. Apples grow on small, deciduous
trees. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor,
[[Malus sieversii]], is still found today. Apples have been grown for
thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America
by European colonists. Apples have been present in the mythology and
religions of many cultures, including Norse, Greek and Christian
traditions. In 2010, the fruit's genome was decoded, leading to new
understandings of disease control and selective breeding in apple
production.
There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples,
resulting in a range of desired characteristics. Different cultivars are
bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, fresh eating and
cider production. Domestic apples are generally propagated by grafting,
although wild apples grow readily from seed. Trees are prone to a number
of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a
number of organic and non-organic means.
About 69 million tonnes
of apples were grown worldwide in 2010, and China produced almost half
of this total. The United States is the second-leading producer, with
more than 6% of world production. Turkey is third, followed by Italy,
India and Poland. Apples are often eaten raw, but can also be found in
many prepared foods (especially desserts) and drinks. Many beneficial
health effects have been found from eating apples; however, two forms of
allergies are seen to various proteins found in the fruit
